| Straight tube, L/D under 20 | Standard CNC turning | Chucking is rigid, no steady rest needed |
| 12 ft tube, thin wall | Dual spindle lathe + steady | Supports the middle, controls deflection |
| Six clocked notches on one end | Custom broaching tool | Single stroke, repeatable angular position |
| Heavily lapped or torn surface | Re-extrude before machining | Turning out the lap eats wall thickness |
| Tube bends in packing | Vertical grid packaging | No load on the barrel, no permanent set |
| Complex hollow shape, high volume | Metal die casting | Near-net form when geometry allows it |
| Low-volume hollow prototype | Vacuum casting | Fast shell parts before hard tooling |