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Part 5 of 6

CNC Machining Complete Engineering Guide Part 5: Start Machining

You have the design, the material, and the cost estimate. This part covers the three steps that turn a CAD model into a machined part: export the right file, prepare a drawing the shop can read, and release to production.

STEP and IGES acceptedDFM review in 12 hours±0.005 mm toleranceNo minimum order quantity
low volume manufacturing
127High-precision CNC machines
16Simultaneous 5-axis centers
±0.005 mmAchievable tolerance
3–5 daysTypical shipping window
Where projects stall

Common problems at the point of release

Four failures we see on incoming jobs, and what each one costs.

01

The model arrives but the drawing does not

A STEP file alone leaves datum choice, critical dimensions, and thread callouts open to interpretation. The shop guesses, the part measures wrong, and you pay for a second setup. A one-page drawing removes the guesswork.

02

Undercuts and thin walls slip through review

Features that looked fine on screen cannot be reached by a cutter. Walls under 0.5 mm deflect during clamping. Finding this after tooling is cut adds days and a rework loop to a job that should have run once.

03

Tolerances are tighter than the function needs

±0.01 mm on every dimension drives extra passes, extra inspection, and higher scrap. Most mating features only need ±0.05 mm. Over-tolerancing is the quietest way to double a part price.

04

Finish and marking are left undefined

Anodize type, color, and laser marking height change the last operation. When they are missing from the PO, the parts ship in the wrong surface condition or come back for a second run through finishing.

From CAD to chips

Three steps to a machined part

Export the file, define the drawing, release to the shop. Each step has a checklist you can finish before lunch.

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Step 1

Export a CNC-compatible CAD file

Send a solid model, not a mesh. STEP AP214 and IGES carry true arcs and cylinders, so the CAM programmer works from the same geometry you designed. STL files approximate curved surfaces with triangles, and the deviation shows up on the finished part.

Native files from SolidWorks, Inventor, and Fusion 360 are also fine. What matters is that the model is watertight and that the units are stated. A single flipped face or a model built in inches but read as millimeters will produce a part that is 25.4 times too large.

  • 1
    STEP AP214 preferredKeeps solid bodies, colors, and assembly structure intact.
  • 2
    One part per fileMulti-body files slow programming and invite wrong-part setups.
  • 3
    State the unitsMillimeters or inches, written in the file name or drawing title block.

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Step 2

Prepare a technical drawing that answers questions

The drawing does not repeat every dimension in the model. It states what the model cannot: which surfaces are datums, which dimensions are critical, what thread standard applies, and how the part is inspected. Three views and a section are usually enough.

Tolerance blocks should be layered. A general block of ±0.1 mm covers non-critical features, and only the mating bores, bearing seats, and sealing faces get tighter callouts. This tells the machinist where to spend time and where to run at full feed.

  • 1
    Datum scheme firstPick the faces that locate the part in the fixture and in the assembly.
  • 2
    GD&T only where it paysPosition and flatness callouts on functional faces; skip them elsewhere.
  • 3
    Call out the finishRa 1.6 μm on sealing faces, as-machined elsewhere.

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File format reference

Which format to send for which job

Choosing the wrong format is the most common cause of a re-quote.

FormatBest forWatch out for
STEP AP214General machining, assembliesConfirm units in the title block
IGESLegacy CAD systemsSurfaces can separate; send a solid too
Parasolid (.x_t)Tight-tolerance partsOlder CAM seats may not read it
Native SolidWorksFast turnaround jobsState the version you used
STLReference onlyCurves become faceted; do not machine from it
DXF2D profiles, sheet partsNo 3D data; include thickness
Manufacturing services

What we run once your file is released

One shop for the machining steps, plus the finishing and secondary operations around them.

01

5 Axis CNC Machining

Complex geometries in one setup. Undercuts, compound angles, and contoured surfaces that would need three fixtures on a 3-axis machine.

02

CNC Milling & Turning

Prismatic and round parts, from single prototypes to runs past 10,000 pieces. Mill-turn centers handle both in one cycle.

03

Rapid Prototyping

First articles for fit checks and design reviews before you commit to a production toolpath.

04

Sheet Metal Fabrication

Brackets, enclosures, and chassis that pair with your machined components.

05

Part Surface Finishing

Anodizing, plating, powder coating, bead blasting, and laser marking under one roof.

06

Vacuum Casting & 3D Printing

Bridge quantities and low-stress prototypes when machining is not the right first step.

Scope of work

What is included in a standard job

Each line is confirmed at quotation, before any material is cut.

ItemStandardOn request
Tolerance±0.1 mm generalDown to ±0.005 mm
Surface finishRa 1.6–3.2 μm as machinedRa 0.2–0.8 μm
Inspection100% before shipmentDimensional report with part
Material certsTraceable to mill lotCertificate package
First articleIncluded on new partsFull FAI report
Order quantityOne prototype upwardScheduled releases
Why GreatLight

Built for the release-to-production step

Capacity, tolerance, and documentation that match what the drawing asks for.

2011

Machining since 2011

15 years of production work across aerospace, medical, automotive, and industrial machinery programs.

127

127 CNC machines

16 simultaneous 5-axis centers, 12 four-axis mills, 27 three-axis machines, and 16 mill-turn centers. Capacity is not the constraint.

4,000 mm

4,000 mm maximum size

Large travels of 4,000 × 400 × 150 mm plus compact cells for small, high-volume parts.

±0.005 mm

Tight-tolerance work

Held on bearing seats, sealing faces, and mating bores, verified with in-process monitoring.

12 h

Quote and DFM in 12 hours

A machinist reviews the model and the drawing, then returns a quote with manufacturability notes.

99.99%

Qualification rate

Raw material check, in-process monitoring, and final inspection before anything ships.

7,600 m²Manufacturing space
150Technicians on staff
3Wholly-owned plants
<2%Historical late-delivery rate
Industry requirements

What each sector demands, and what we deliver

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Aerospace brackets

Thin ribs and pocketed geometry. Material traceability and inspection records travel with every lot.

  • ±0.005 mm
  • 100% inspection
  • ISO 9001:2015
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Automotive and EV housings

Sealing faces and bolt patterns that must repeat across a production run. Process control documented per IATF 16949.

  • IATF 16949:2016
  • 10,000+ part runs
  • Ra 0.8–1.6 μm
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Medical device components

Clean deburring on every edge, no cross-contamination between materials, and full dimensional reports on request.

  • ISO 13485:2016
  • Deburred edges
  • Report on request
Comprehensive Guide to Buy Humanoid Robot

Robotics and automation

Joint housings and actuator mounts where bore alignment and flatness decide whether the assembly moves smoothly.

  • Ø400 mm rotary table
  • Flatness control
  • 5-axis in one setup
FAQs

Questions we get at the release stage

Can you machine directly from a STEP file without a drawing?

Yes, for parts where every dimension is either non-critical or fully defined in the model. We will confirm the datum scheme and general tolerance block in writing before cutting.

For anything with a bearing fit, a seal, or a press interface, a drawing is worth the twenty minutes. It removes the ambiguity that causes a rework loop.

What general tolerance do you apply if none is stated?

We default to ±0.1 mm on machined metal features and quote to that unless the drawing says otherwise. That covers most brackets, covers, and non-mating geometry.

Critical features get their own callouts. We can hold ±0.005 mm on specific dimensions, but applying it across a whole part raises cost with no functional gain.

How do I know my part can actually be machined?

Send the model with the quote request. A machinist reviews it and returns manufacturability notes within 12 hours, flagging features that need a tool change, a custom fixture, or a design adjustment.

You get that feedback before you commit to an order, not after the first article fails inspection.

Should I send millimeters or inches?

Either works, as long as it is stated. Put the unit in the drawing title block and in the file name.

The failure mode is a model built in inches and read as millimeters, which scales the part by 25.4. We check units on every incoming file, but a clear label avoids the question.

Do you require a minimum order quantity?

No. We run from a single prototype to runs past 10,000 parts. The setup cost is the same either way, so the per-part price is highest at quantity one.

If the part is headed for production, ask for pricing at two or three quantity breaks in the same quote.

How is my design kept confidential?

Uploads are handled as confidential and are not shared outside the quoting and production team. An NDA is available on request before you send any files.

If your program needs one, ask for it first. We will sign and return it before the model is uploaded.

What happens between quote acceptance and shipping?

Production can start within 24 hours of acceptance. Material is checked on receipt, in-process dimensions are monitored through the run, and every part is inspected before it ships.

Typical parts ship in 3–5 days. Larger parts, exotic alloys, and multi-operation finishing add time, and we state that in the quote rather than after.

Can you supply the finishing and the machining together?

Yes. Anodizing, plating, powder coating, black oxide, bead blasting, and laser marking are handled in-house or by qualified partners under our process control.

Keeping finishing inside the same job means the surface condition is verified against the drawing before shipment, not after the parts arrive at your dock.

Ready to start machining?

Send the CAD file and the drawing. A machinist reviews both and returns a quote with DFM notes within 12 hours.

12-hour quote100% inspectionNo minimum order quantityNDA on request

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